computers in modern society
Looking around at daily life, I noticed a pattern of computer oriented devices that make life easier and allow us to be lazier. These devices are in most daily activities ranging from waking up to an alarm clock that is computerized to watching the news before going to bed on a computerized television. All of these computerized facets of our society help to increase our daily productivity and help us to do whatever it is we need to accomplish in the day. The computer age is upon us and it will continue to grow in influence until society revolves around it daily without need for improvement.
In personal computers, the industry has began to create faster machines that can store much more information. For speed, the internal microprocessor has been tweaked to perform at high rates of speed. One such microprocessor is the Intel Pentium chip that is the fastest commercial microprocessor on the market. In addition to internal speed and to allow faster hook- up to the Internet, faster telephone lines, most notably the fiber optic lines, have been added, for an extra charge, to transfer data about 4 times faster than conventional phone lines (about 28,000 bits per second has been quadrupled to about 128,000 bits per second. As speed enhances, memory and storage space is needed to hold excess information. EDO RAM is a new, faster memory module that helps transfer RAM data twice as fast as normal RAM. For long term storage of large amounts of data, hard drives have been under a constant upgrade of performance, and it is not uncommon to find hard drives about 8-9 gigabytes on the market.
Along with technology, an ease of use factor has been instilled in the modern day PC’s. The most notable ease of use enhancement is a GUI(Graphical User Interface), which allows the user to see a choice instead of reading about the choice. This is accomplished by using pictures and windows to simplify the choices. Windows 95 and the Macintosh OS both use GUI to simplify use. Another change in technology has been in almost putting manufacturing of typewriters into extinction. Offices are more and more turning to computers instead of typewriters because the computers integrate many office tasks in one machine, most notably the use of word processors. With the use of word processors on a computer comes the use of spell check which is only offered on a few typewriters.
The most growing part of the computer-oriented world is the Internet. It allows users to send electronic mail (E-mail), faster and more conveniently than conventional, or “snail” mail. In addition to text sent, the user may opt to send a program or picture attached to the letter. In addition to electronic mail, the Internet is also used to give information on almost any topics. It is a tool now common in college research because it offers millions of sources and there is no limit to finding information. It is not only a tool for research, but also a tool for business. Businesses use it to advertise and to try to sell items on-line. These companies set up their own web sites and place the sites’ addresses in their television and radio ads. Business use is not limited to advertising and selling, but also to sell and buy from other companies faster than conventional methods.
Technology is all around us and there are many practical applications of computer technology. For example, the government uses the superhighway to verify drivers’ licenses and Social Security numbers. The Internet is used by congressional committees to conduct research related to their current problems. Technology is used in automobiles to calculate the right amount of gas to air mixture in fuel injected cars. In auto garages, the technology is used to align the wheels and to find electrical system problems. Another example is radio and television, the two most important things in many lives. These devices would not be able to do what they do without the help of mini-computers that decipher the incoming signal. On the digitized radios and televisions, there are computers that control volume level. Banks are even installing technology into their operations by using Automated Teller Machines (ATM’s). These machines take the place of human tellers and process transactions faster with built in logic control to prevent overwithdrawal. Even businesses use technology during non-business hours by having automated telephones that continue to do business long after the last person went home. They accomplish this by using prerecorded messages and a logic control to allow the dialer to get information if they have a touch-tone phone. This increases business productivity with minimal maintenance costs. So by using computers, the businesses have educated their consumer without having to manually speak to them.
There are many possibilities for future uses of computers to simplify daily life and enhance the life experience. The first which is already under development is highway navigation. This lets the cars drive themselves and should make the roads safer. To enhance the personal life, video phones will let you see who you are talking to. This technology will depend on how we develop data transfer and deciphering capabilities that are too expensive to use now. We will be able to use almost every major household luxury on a PC that we have now. We could watch TV, listen to the radio, and talk on the telephone. These technologies are under development and are available in limited form, except the radio which can be used in final form now.
Society is changing rapidly. This change is attributed to ease of use of computerized manufactured goods. These luxuries that will become standard living tools are creating a society in which computers will rule. We will continue to develop technology until life is as automated as it could get. Almost every daily task will be computerized and computers will dominate the world.
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Precise Clocks And Modern Watches
In the evolution of watch and clock making, mechanical clocks became the foundation upon which other types of watches and clocks were made. The theory that a mechanical mechanism could “tick” of time in specific, set increments is the basis of both the quartz watch and the atomic clock.
The Quartz Watch
The Americans, Swiss and Japanese all played a part in the invention of the quartz watch. One of the first quartz watches ever built for mass market distribution was made by the Sinclair Company. It had the right idea, using quartz crystals to complete an electrical circuit that would move a mechanical movement in precise increments, but the outer casing and primitive use of the quartz proved disastrous.
Sinclair’s “Black Watch” was a digital model quartz watch that was introduced in 1975. It had all kinds of problems from losing or gaining time during the changes in hot and cold weather to creating static that would affect its time keeping abilities simply by walking on nylon carpet or having static due to clothing or air conditioning. In addition, it had a battery that could only hold a charge for 10 days. There appeared to be as many returns of this watch as there were sales!
The quartz watch was still a desirable option to explore and many other companies had models of digital quartz watches in the experimental stages and ready to sell. However, the reliable early quartz watches were still about $125 or more — very expensive for the mid-1970s. These newer, more expensive watches were at least able to keep good time. In fact all well-made quartz watches kept very accurate time and in 1976 Texas Instruments introduced a model at the Chicago Consumer Electronic Show that could be produced in mass quantities for a mere $20.
The makings of a quartz watch started with the first watch battery in 1954. Next came the development of the integrated circuit in 1959. With light-emitting diodes (LED)being developed around 1962, all of the elements were in place for a digital quartz watch. In fact, the very first prototype, the Beta 21, came out in 1967. The development of liquid crystal displays (LCD) in 1968 gave digital watches the look they have today. Pulsar is credited with creating the first digital watch in 1970.
The Atomic Clock
Universal time is measured by an atomic clock which runs by using the element, cesium, to keep it going. Just one gram of cesium is enough of a “fuel” to run an atomic clock for one year. Cesium is found in granite and the one gram supply can be extracted from a piece of granite that is about a cubic foot in size.
This silvery metal is in liquid form at room temperature and is considered the most electropositive and alkaline element in the periodic table. It is used as a catalyst in photoelectric cells to react with hydrogen and create the necessary movement of the atoms which create a microwave frequency and natural resonance to define a single second. This cycle used to measure a second is actually made up of exactly 9,192,631,770 oscillations of the cesium atom’s resonant frequency.
Of course the atomic clock is not the type of clock one keeps in their home, but it is the national standard for keeping time in America. For home use, today’s quartz clocks and watches offer a highly precise way of keeping time.
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The Modern Watches and Precise Clocks Part 5 of 5
In the evolution of watch and clock making, mechanical clocks became the foundation upon which other types of watches and clocks were made. The theory that a mechanical mechanism could “tick” of time in specific, set increments is the basis of both the quartz watch and the atomic clock.
The Quartz Watch
The Americans, Swiss and Japanese all played a part in the invention of the quartz watch. One of the first quartz watches ever built for mass market distribution was made by the Sinclair Company. It had the right idea, using quartz crystals to complete an electrical circuit that would move a mechanical movement in precise increments, but the outer casing and primitive use of the quartz proved disastrous.
Sinclair’s “Black Watch” was a digital model quartz watch that was introduced in 1975. It had all kinds of problems from losing or gaining time during the changes in hot and cold weather to creating static that would affect its time keeping abilities simply by walking on nylon carpet or having static due to clothing or air conditioning. In addition, it had a battery that could only hold a charge for 10 days. There appeared to be as many returns of this watch as there were sales!
The quartz watch was still a desirable option to explore and many other companies had models of digital quartz watches in the experimental stages and ready to sell. However, the reliable early quartz watches were still about $125 or more — very expensive for the mid-1970s. These newer, more expensive watches were at least able to keep good time. In fact all well-made quartz watches kept very accurate time and in 1976 Texas Instruments introduced a model at the Chicago Consumer Electronic Show that could be produced in mass quantities for a mere $20.
The makings of a quartz watch started with the first watch battery in 1954. Next came the development of the integrated circuit in 1959. With light-emitting diodes (LED)being developed around 1962, all of the elements were in place for a digital quartz watch. In fact, the very first prototype, the Beta 21, came out in 1967. The development of liquid crystal displays (LCD) in 1968 gave digital watches the look they have today. Pulsar is credited with creating the first digital watch in 1970.
The Atomic Clock
Universal time is measured by an atomic clock which runs by using the element, cesium, to keep it going. Just one gram of cesium is enough of a “fuel” to run an atomic clock for one year. Cesium is found in granite and the one gram supply can be extracted from a piece of granite that is about a cubic foot in size.
This silvery metal is in liquid form at room temperature and is considered the most electropositive and alkaline element in the periodic table. It is used as a catalyst in photoelectric cells to react with hydrogen and create the necessary movement of the atoms which create a microwave frequency and natural resonance to define a single second. This cycle used to measure a second is actually made up of exactly 9,192,631,770 oscillations of the cesium atom’s resonant frequency.
Of course the atomic clock is not the type of clock one keeps in their home, but it is the national standard for keeping time in America. For home use, today’s quartz clocks and watches offer a highly precise way of keeping time.
Thomas Young is a watch collector. Visit http://www.internationalwatchclub.com for information on over 200 different brands of watches, including popular brands like Citizen Watch and Rolex Watch. It is purely an informational site.
On The Cutting Edge With Modern Wall Clocks
Modern wall clocks have gained in popularity over the years and have become an essential part of most homes, schools, and offices. Throughout history, unique wall clocks have been an oddity and were often the center of attention in any room’s décor. Today’s modern wall clocks are designed to fit into almost any decorating style, made to blend seamlessly with the more traditional wood or metal look.
As opposed to the more traditional antique wall clocks, which added a touch of elegance to any room, many modern wall clocks are focused on functionality. In this day and age of high tech gadgets, time accuracy and global features are important to not only businesses, but many households as well.
Modern Wall Clocks Have Gone Atomic
As you may have heard, the atomic wall clock is one of the latest technological advancements in time measurement. These clocks can measure time in milli-seconds and are self-correcting. They are sometimes referred to as Radio Controlled Clocks.
An atomic clock wall model has an internal mechanism that takes advantage of radio frequencies to synchronize its current time and date with the U.S. Atomic Clock. What is the U.S. Atomic Clock you might ask? Well, it is a Radio Controlled Clock operated and maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Ft. Collins, Colorado.
The atomic wall clock has a small antenna incorporated into it that receives a radio signal from Ft. Collins, Colorado. This signal relays the time and date, to the millisecond, to your atomic clock. So, once your clock has been initially set to the time zone at your location, your Radio Controlled Clock will be automatically updated from the U.S. Atomic Clock. What is even more amazing is that your clock will even adjust itself automatically for daylight savings time (DST).
Go Global With a World Wall Clock
Never heard of a world clock? Well, a world wall clock measures and displays time from around the globe. The typical world wall clock can determine the time for a specific location through a process of dividing the globe into time zones. Each group of states or countries will correspond to a different time zone, allowing for consistency of daylight hours as the earth circles the sun. World wall clocks have grown in importance as the Internet and modern communication devices have “shrunken” the globe. In today’s hectic business world, it is important for a business person to consider time zones, as their clients and customers can literally be halfway around the globe. For the common household, a world clock wall model allows for easy access to world times. This can be a great benefit if, like so many families today, relatives or friends live in foreign countries and contact times are important.
A modern wall clock, whether it is an atomic wall clock or world wall clock, is the perfect addition to your home or office. If you can afford a cut-above model, it will provide an additional touch of glamour and a sense of sophistication to the interior of your home or office. So, why not join the high-tech crowd today with your own state-of-the-art modern wall clock?
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